Can there be unity in different Christian philosophies?
Monday, May 11, 2026
Saturday, May 09, 2026
All for the asking?
Sermon for Rogation Sunday
Yes, we know.
God is not a genie.
He doesn't grant wishes.
And we know that
tacking on "in Jesus' Name"
to our prayer is not
going to guarantee
that it is answered.
We know we have to ask
in conjunction with Our Lord,
knowing Him and loving Him
in obedience to His commands.
So why don't we get world peace?
We pray for that and don't get it!
What about Church unity?
Our Lord Himself prays
that we might be one,
so where is Church unity?
Jesus says,
"Verily, verily I say unto you,
Whatsoever ye shall
ask the Father in my name,
he will give it you."
But even He doesn't seem
to have His prayer answered.
Even as He prays in the Garden
for the cup of crucifixion
to be taken from Him,
His prayer is not answered.
Admittedly, He does say,
"not My will but Thine be done."
But still, it does look
as if there is a big problem
if Our Lord says,
"Verily, verily"
and then we don't get
what we ask for.
[PAUSE]
Our Lord teaches us to pray.
He gives us the seven petitions:
that the Father's Name be holy in our lives;
that His Kingdom grow in our lives;
that we His will even as it is done in Heaven;
that we should be given our daily bread;
that we be forgiven even as we forgive,
that we be not led into temptation;
and
that we be delivered from Evil.
What do we notice
about these petitions?
They are about the changing of our hearts.
We pray to God
for our conversion
to His life.
And conversion
to His life is Salvation.
Our Lord's Name is Salvation.
That's what the Name
Jesus in Greek
Joshua in Hebrew
means
- God Saves.
We obtain everything we need
for our salvation.
That's what we should be praying for
and we know we shall get it!
[PAUSE]
We can pray for world peace,
but the prince of this world
doesn't want our salvation,
and world peace won't save us.
We can pray for Church unity
but the Church is already united
in the one salvation
through the One Lord Jesus Christ.
We can pray for the end
of sickness and pain,
and while God may grant
us temporary relief from
the agonies in life,
our eternal salvation
means eternal health
of body and soul
and death is the gateway to Salvation.
[PAUSE]
Our Lord is not spared agony
for the very reason
that we cannot be spared agony.
Our pain and suffering
are part of this world
and we have to live in it
and not be of it.
But if we ask God for Salvation,
then He gives us His Son
Who willingly ascends the cross
and then ascends to Heaven
drawing His Church with Him.
[PAUSE]
Does that mean
we should stop praying for the sick?
Should we stop praying for the dying?
Should we stop begging God
for help when life is too much for us?
No! We must keep praying!
For God brings about His salvation
in ways that we are not apparent
to our little minds.
Every time we pray,
we grow into that salvation.
Every time we pray
the people we pray for
are touched with Salvation.
But we must be patient
for salvation is with us now
and will be with us tomorrow
and for Eternity.
Jesus saves
for salvation is done
in His Name!
Monday, May 04, 2026
Sunday, May 03, 2026
Tag team Trinity
Sermon preached at the Cathedral Church of St Augustine of Canterbury on the fourth Sunday after Easter.
Hooray for the simple pulley!
You pull one end down
and the other comes up.
Or you let your end pull up
and the other end goes down.
Fantastic for building sites
for hauling bricks up to the top floor,
and letting down the bucket of sludge
from the roof in a controlled manner
rather than flinging it from the shingles
all over an unlucky foreman.
One end can only come down
if the other end comes up.
Is God like that?
[PAUSE]
For a few weeks now,
we've been sitting with the Disciples
listening to Our Lord speak
on the night He is arrested
and handed over for crucifixion.
We know that He is going to His Father,
and that He does so
in order that the Holy Spirit can come.
Is there a pulley system
to get into Heaven?
Or is this like a wrestling match
in which the Holy Ghost
can only enter the fight
when He has been tagged
by Our Lord?
Why can't we have both?
Why not Our Lord
and the Holy Ghost
together?
Why does one only come down
while the other goes up?
[PAUSE]
Our Lord is telling us
something of the Holy Ghost's mission.
The Holy Ghost comes
to correct the world
about sin, righteousness
and judgment.
That's why the Holy Ghost
is coming:
to correct and confirm.
To bind us more closely
to Christ.
It is because Christ
puts on our humanity
that we are saved.
Our humanity matters to God,
Father, Son and Holy Ghost.
Our integrity as individuals
with the ability
to think for ourselves
and make our own choices
is part of what it means
to be human.
Let us suppose
that Our Lord stays on Earth.
What happens?
Everyone listens
to the One raised from the dead.
He is revered
and eventually
He is made king over all the world.
But we know
that's not what Our Lord wants.
Every time they try
to make Him king
He escapes away.
Miracles are done
in private.
The Resurrection
is only for those
who love Him,
not those who are
unwillingly pressured
into loving Him.
If Christ remains on Earth,
He will be made King of the Earth
and we lose our freedom,
our integrity as human beings
and our opportunity to know
Our Lord as ourselves
in the community of His Church.
There is no point
in sending the Holy Ghost
if the Son is to continue
to reign on Earth.
[PAUSE]
So the Son is to ascend
and thus free us from
the obligation to be Christian
sincerely or insincerely.
And the Holy Ghost
is to descend.
And He corrects the World on Sin
because the world does not believe
Our Lord's message about
whaf sin is and how we can be saved by Him.
He corrects the world on Righteousness
because Our Lord goes to the Father
and the World won't believe that He is
righteous.
And He corrects the World on Judgement
because the World believes
it is above judgment.
But this correction
does not come from
Our Heavenly King.
It comes from the Holy Ghost,
within us and upon us,
showing those who love God sincerely
from their hearts
how to continue to live
lives of love, of righteousness
and of justice.
[PAUSE]
When, one day,
when we stand before Christ the King,
He will look at us to see
if He knows us.
If He sees the Holy Ghost with us
then He will know us.
And then we shall be like Him
for we shall see Him as He is.
Monday, April 27, 2026
Saturday, April 25, 2026
Let us while away the hours...
Sermon for the third Sunday after Easter
A little while
and we shall not see Him.
And a little while
and we shall see Him.
We know that Our Lord
is talking to His disciples
hours before His arrest
and crucifixion,
and then His resurrection.
We get that.
Unlike the disciples
standing her
with Jesus,
not quite understanding
what He means,
we have the privilege of knowing
that they will not see the Lord
while He rests in the tomb
but they will see Him
in the locked room
in which He will show Himself
to be alive.
We're lucky to have
that hindsight.
But it's been more than
a little while
since we see Him
walking on the shore
of Lake Galilee.
With the disciples,
we see Him again
for a little while -
for forty joy-filled days -
and then He is gone,
ascending in glory
and promising that He will return
in the same manner that He ascends.
And it's been more than
a little while.
Two thousand years
and mankind waits,
waits for the return of the Resurrected.
[PAUSE]
At this present time,
the World feels weary.
It has seen wars
of titanic proportion.
It has seen almost
unimaginable cruelty.
It has seen things speed up,
so that life and death decisions
are made and executed
in the twinkling of an eye
and the click of a mouse.
The world is getting tired
and, although it denies it,
it longs for its Creator.
And we Christians
feel that longing
but we have hindsight.
We know where our rest,
our energy, our motivation
and our joy is coming from.
But we don't know when.
[PAUSE]
No-one knows.
No-one can know.
Sure, there are those
who claim to know
when Our Lord returns,
but the day passes
and embarrasses them.
We don't know when.
We shall never know when.
But then, perhaps "when"
is the wrong word.
[PAUSE]
"When" makes no real sense
to the One Who walks in Eternity,
for Whom each and every
moment in Time is equally accessible.
For Him, the rise and fall of mankind
is both millennia and microsecond.
Our eighty-or-so years
are just a little while for Him
but they can also be an age for Him
as He inhabits every beat of our heart
every breath of our being,
every growth and death of
our every cell.
And we wait for Him.
[PAUSE]
But our lives have not been
put on hold
while He is away from us.
We have to live our lives,
knowing that they mean something
to Him.
Not sit there waiting,
for then we get bored
and listless.
[PAUSE]
True. We see the world
do its best to go to Hell
in a handcart.
We can't stop that.
We see people
lose so much:
their money,
their homes,
their justices,
their families,
their lives,
and we call out,
"How much longer?"
What reply do we get?
[PAUSE]
Like the saints under the altar
in Heaven,
we must wait a while longer.
It will hurt to encounter
pain and evil,
hurts done to us,
and hurts done to others.
But St Paul tells us to redeem the time
for the days are evil.
We redeem the time
by consecrating every moment
of our lives to God.
Not seeing this period
in our history as
Time's waiting room,
but as a time to be alive
and make the difference.
Yes, the world is tired,
and we are tired,
and things always seem
to be dark,
but we need to take time
to look into every second of our lives
every breath we draw,
every beat of our heart
and know that,
whether we feel His presence or not,
He IS here.
We might not see Him
but, as we still ourselves
and sit in His presence
we can still know
that He has not truly left us.
And in just a little while,
we shall see Him as He is.
Monday, April 20, 2026
Why doesn't the Anglican Catholic Church join the Ordinariate
Why Blessed Elzabeth Barton shows why the ACC cannot be part of the Anglican Patrimony within the Roman Catholic Church.
Sunday, April 19, 2026
The voice of the shepherd
Sermon preached at the Cathedral Church of St Augustine of Canterbury on the Second Sunday after Easter
What noise does a sheep make?
Well quite!
How old where you when
you were taught
that sheep say baa
cows say moo
and chickens say cluck cluck cluck?
Incidentally,
there is condition
called bovilexia
which is that inexpressible urge
to shout, "Moo!"
whenever you see a cow.
Now we have established
these most important facts:
if sheep say baa
and cows say moo,
what does the shepherd say?
[PAUSE]
We can imagine such things as,
"Out to the grass you go"
or
"Sheep dip time"
or
"Come here, you woolly wotsit."
But, any one of us
could travel to
the next farm
and shout these things.
It wouldn't make us a shepherd.
We could learn all the dog calls
and whistles,
to round up sheep.
But it wouldn't make us
a shepherd.
To walk into a field and say
"Hello Flossy, I'm a shepherd"
isn't going to endear you
to the sheep.
They do not know you.
They do not know your voice.
They will know
that you are not a shepherd.
And that's crucial
for their survival.
Sheep are prey animals.
They are suspicious of anything
obviously strange
and will react whenever
something new enters their field.
Admittedly,
sheep are not very bright
and will follow the flock.
Doesn't that sound like us?
[PAUSE]
We might object
to Our Lord comparing us
to sheep,
but, to be honest
we behave like them.
We're suspicious
of whatever disrupts our routines.
If anyone offers us anything
immediately we think,
"what's in it for them?"
Our lives are driven
by routine and social convention,
even when that routine
and that social convention
lead us into dangerous territory.
We will follow the flock
unthinkingly
until it's too late.
We are prey
to sin, the world and the Devil,
however much we think of ourselves
as being above the lowly sheep.
If we are going
to be truly safe
we are going to need
to know the.voice
of the shepherd.
Have you ever heard
the voice of the shepherd?
[PAUSE]
There are people
who certainly have.
Aside from the Disciples
and the women
who surround Our Lord,
we know that
St Paul hears the Shepherd
speak to Him directly.
There's no mistaking it.
For us,
we can hear lots of voices.
Some come from those around us,
from the people we meet,
friend and family,
employers and co-workers,
from social media,
the television and radio,
from Facebook, YouTube and Instagram.
Indeed,
there are a lot of voices
telling us what to do,
telling us that eggs are bad
but steak is good
or that steak is bad
and eggs are good,
or that eggs and steak
are both as bad for each other
or blowed be steak and eggs
and bring on the cake.
There is just so much noise.
And there is so much noise
inside our heads
as different voices
criticise us,
confuse us,
misdirect us,
and make us unhappy.
How do we expect
to hear the voice of the Shepherd?
[PAUSE]
The fact is
that you have already heard Him.
What happens when the Gospel finishes?
"This is the Gospel of the Lord."
It isn't the Gospel of Trump
and Starmer,
nor the Gospel of the Left
or the Right.
It's the Gospel of the Lord.
If you want to know
if a priest is preaching the truth
it's there, in the Gospel.
[PAUSE]
And you will hear the Shepherd's voice again.
"Take and eat ye all of this,
for this is my body"
"Take and drink ye all of it
for this is the chalice of my blood..."
Those are the words of God
giving us of Himself
to eat and to drink.
These is the voice of
the Good Shepherd
and we know it.
We know it because
we've always heard it.
We should not expect Him
to speak to us
out of the blue,
but that's not to say he won't.
We should not expect
to hear anything,
at least not with our ears.
We hear the voice of the shepherd
whenever we gather in His Name.
We hear Him when His word is preached
or when we are given Godly advice
which tallies with the voice
we have come to know in the Church.
And when we are alone
in silence and in prayer
we might hear Him
not in words, but in that silence
when He puts His mouth
to the ear of our soul
and reminds us of the love
that He has for every single one
of us
[PAUSE]
The bleating of the sheep
may be loud,
but we can always listen out
for the voice of The Shepherd
Monday, April 13, 2026
An Anglican Catholic view of the witness of Holy Scripture
Is eye-witness testimony reliable? What about what is included in the Bible?
Is eye-witness testimony reliable? What about what is included in the Bible?
Saturday, April 11, 2026
Breathing marks
Sermon for Low Sunday
There's something
a little bit disturbing
about being breathed on.
There's the hygiene issue -
getting breathed on
is how diseases
like coughs and colds
and the flu are spread.
And there is something
invasive about it.
We say that we don't want
someone breathing
down our neck.
We shudder with the person
who picks up the phone
to a "heavy breather."
Yet, for those of you
present at the consecration
of Holy Oils,
or who attended
the blessing of the baptismal font
at the Paschal Vigil,
it appears bishops have to learn to
be heavy breathers.
Would you really want
to receive the oil of Chrismation
knowing that the Bishop
had subjected it
to a bout of heavy breathing?
But then,
during Confirmation,
the Bishop puff into the face
of the recipient of the Sacrament,
so you can't escape
the Bishop's breath!
[PAUSE]
Yet, here, behind closed doors,
where confused and
disoriented disciples dwell,
Our Lord appears and breathes on them.
Disgusting?
Germ spreading?
Invasive?
What do you think?
[PAUSE]
You say to yourself,
quite naturally,
if Jesus is doing
the heavy breathing
then it must be alright.
It affects us because
we are so aware of the germs
that can infect us
by being breathed in.
And perhaps
we can appreciate
why this couldn't be done
any other way.
In breathing on His Disciples,
Our Lord becomes
the vehicle for
the Holy Ghost
to begin His mission
in building the Church.
This is not a germ-ridden breath:
it's the Breath of Life,
pure, incorruptible
life-giving, empowering
and disinfecting.
Disinfecting?
Absolutely.
"Whose soever sins ye remit,
they are remitted unto them;
and whose soever sins ye retain,
they are retained."
Sin is our infection
which we spread
from the brokenness of
our hearts and minds and souls
in our thoughts, words and deeds.
Just as we breathe out
infectious diseases from our bodies,
so do we breath out
infectious sins from our fallen nature.
And yet,
here is the Holy Spirit of God
poured out upon the eleven disciples
for the purpose of
remitting and retaining sins.
This is the same promise by Our Lord,
first made to St Peter in Matthew 16,
then to all the disciples
two chapters later in Matthew 18.
Here,
the promise is delivered
by a breath.
This Holy Ghost
ignites on the Day of Pentecost
when the Apostles become
the first Bishops
each one with the power
to bind and loose,
remit and retain
through the authority
and power of the Holy Ghost
Who makes His dwelling
within the Church.
Just as we breathe on glass
in order to see through it
more clearly
so does Our Lord
breathe on the disciples
to polish them up
for the purpose
of cleaning all those
befouled by the sins of the world
as they enter God's Church.
This is our salvation.
It is also why
we should rejoice
to have Jesus
breathing down our necks.
Monday, April 06, 2026
Saturday, April 04, 2026
The Man of the Cloth
Sermon for the Feast of the Resurrection
Making your bed
is supposed to be
the sign of maturity.
Taking the time
to refluff the pillows
and fling the duvet out
so that it covers the bed
ready for tonight
is often seen as a chore
by teenagers,
and by those in a hurry.
But why?
If you live alone,
no-one else will see
an untidy bed,
so it won't matter.
You're just going to
get into it again
tonight.
Besides,
leaving it all rumpled
airs the bed a bit.
[PAUSE]
If you don't live on your own
or share a bed,
then making it
seems a courtesy.
It shows that
you want to keep things nice
for someone else.
It's an act that says
that we want
the other person
to feel at home,
to feel comfortable,
to feel that everything is in order,
to feel looked after.
Does Jesus make His bed?
[PAUSE]
Peter and John
are looking in the tomb.
They see the linen clothes
that Jesus was buried in
lying in the tomb.
The napkin that was
about His face,
is lying wrapped together
in a place by itself.
The Greek word
that is used for "lying"
is the same word
used when,
at Christmas,
we see the baby
lying in the manger.
The linen cloths
have not been tossed aside
they are lying
set in their places.
The napkin
is rolled up
and put aside.
Jesus has made His bed.
[PAUSE]
This is significant.
People stealing a body
would do so
as quickly as possible.
They would take the linen cloths
with the body,
or cast them aside
leaving them
where they fell.
They would not have time
to roll up a napkin.
They would not have time
to gently place the linen cloths
in the tomb.
Indeed,
if they were in a rush
the napkin would not
be in a place by itself.
No, the body was not stolen.
Jesus gets up,
makes His bed
and leaves.
[PAUSE]
But Our Lord
makes His bed
for a reason more
than an assurance
that He is truly risen.
We make our bed,
when there are others
that might sleep in it.
Jesus makes His bed
because we shall all
sleep where He slept
after His crucifixion.
We shall all sleep
when we face our own death.
It's that one terrible fact
that we must face.
It's that one terrible sadness
that we encounter
with our loved ones
as they pass from us.
Jesus makes His bed
knowing that we must sleep in it
at the end of our lives.
But He shows us
that we too will be making our beds
when we rise through Him.
By making His bed in the tomb,
Our Lord has shown
that Death is not for us.
Death for the Christian
is not a state of being,
it is an event,
just a thing that happens to us
and doesn't stop us
from being ourselves,
because God Himself
keeps us alive in Him.
At our Death,
we sleep until we are woken
by Eternity's sunrise.
And it will be Christ
who bids us rise with Him
into the glorious morning in the garden.
But let us make our bed first!
Monday, March 30, 2026
Sunday, March 29, 2026
Palm Sunday Question
As usual, in view of the Long Gospel for Palm Sunday, rather than a sermon, I offer this question for your reflection:
Why are we able to go from "Hosanna!" to "Crucify!" so quickly?
Monday, March 23, 2026
Sunday, March 22, 2026
The Truth of Life and Death
Sermon for Passion Sunday
"Before Abraham was, I am"
Grammatically,
that's a very strange statement.
Looking at it
in the original Greek,
we see the idea that
Jesus is,
not was,
is before Abraham enters
into History.
Our Lord is as present
to Abraham
as He is present
to these unbelieving Pharisees,
as He is to us now
as He is to those
who come after
we have long returned
to the dust.
In short,
every moment of Time
is directly accessible to Him
in His Eternal present.
Aside from using
the Name of God,
I AM
spoken to Moses in the bush
and making the Pharisees
ears bleed in horror,
Our Lord is making
a clear statement
that He is truly God
by virtue of His Eternity.
And still people will say,
"Jesus never claimed to be God."
But He is claiming to be God,
because He is God
and, if we take the time
just to simply hear His words,
He claims it,
loud and clear.
The testimony
of the Pharisees' reaction
shows that they hear
His claim to be God
and understand it
as a claim to be God.
[PAUSE]
This isn't the same confusion
of language
that poor Nicodemus has
when he hears Jesus say
that we must be born again
when Jesus means
we must be born from above.
The language is clear.
It is grammatically odd
because it is telling
an Eternal truth
in reference to Abraham
one who was time-bound but is no longer.
Abraham is not dead.
Abraham rejoices to see Jesus' day
because Jesus is God
and He is not the God of the dead,
but of the living.
Abraham lives
because Jesus is God.
And the same is true
for all who receive this fact
and live it out because it is true.
[PAUSE]
And we still hear people say today,
"Abraham is dead.
Moses is dead.
Mary is dead.
Peter is dead.
Paul is dead.
They can't hear you.
They are dead."
We ask them,
"who, then, is their God?
Who is the God of Abraham,
Moses, Mary, Peter, and Paul.
Is He the same God?
And if He is not the God of the dead
but of the living,
how are they dead?"
They are not
and they worship Father, Son and Holy Ghost
in Eternity
freed from the constraints
of Time and Space,
yet keeping the Great Commandment
to love their neighbours.
[PAUSE]
It is the Pharisees who are dead
in the letter of their law.
Those who live by the text
shall die by the text.
They fail to see
the reason for the text
but rather bask in its certainty
which they and they alone control.
They see only the text
divorced from its history,
divorced from its context,
divorced from its meaning.
And the divorce themselves
from those
who challenge their viewpoint.
But the reverse is also true.
There are those who see the text
only in today's context,
only in today's view of history,
only in today's meaning,
and thus divorce themselves
from the True Logos seeing Him
only the god of today.
[PAUSE]
"Before Abraham was, I am."
We know Our Lord,
to be the same
yesterday,
today,
forever.
We know that we are
united in Him
with all who hold onto Him
past, present and to come.
We know that
Our Lord is changeless,
His Law is Eternal,
His word enduring
throughout all generations.
But He lives.
[PAUSE]
We hear the same words
of our liturgy each week,
telling us of the truth
of God's unwavering grace to us.
We cannot change
His sacraments
because they are
for the whole Church,
past, present and future.
But by our earnest longing
to be with Him and in Him,
thoss changeless words
carry life
- the same life of
Abraham,
Moses,
Mary,
Peter
and Paul.
And they carry life
because we do not express them
with death,
as weapons of mass destruction
in hatred, or loathing
of those whom God has made.
The Pharisees hear truth
and seek to kill it.
We hear truth
and we proclaim it.
And what do we proclaim?
The next fourteen days.
Monday, March 16, 2026
Liturgical accuracy in the Anglican Catholic Church
What happens if you miss a responsary at Matins?
Sunday, March 15, 2026
Magic, mystery and the multitudes
Sermon for the fourth Sunday in Lent
So, how is he doing it?
Five small barley loaves,
Two small fish
Twelve baskets over
Five thousand fed.
What do we see?
Does Our Lord
put the bread
into a magic hat,
or a magic bag
and then produce more bread
like Tubbo the Clown produces
a coin
from behind the ear
of a jelly-smeared urchin?
Or does he break some off
from a loaf
that never seems
to get smaller?
Is one of the disciples
behind Our Lord
secretly handing Him
bread smuggled
from the bags
of the multitudes around.
Just what are we seeing,
when we behold
this miracle?
[PAUSE]
We know that magicians
like to reproduce miracles.
We even see that
in the plagues of Egypt
when Pharaoh's Court Sorcerors
replicate some of the plagues
that Moses instigates.
Don't they realise that
they are adding to
Egypt's suffering?
But magicians
are using
sleight of hand,
special props,
misdirection
and our assumptions
about the situation
to deceive us.
And that's the key.
Magic is amusement by deception.
We try to figure out
how it is done
as well as being amazed.
But we know it's a trick.
We know the coin
hasn't appeared from
the ear of the child
unless the child is in fact
Dumbo the Elephant,
and Tubbo is wearing rubber gloves.
Is that what Our Lord is doing?
He isn't prancing about
In top hat and cloak
because He is not a showman.
He's not a trickster.
He does not deceive.
His concern
is what these five thousand
will eat.
Perhaps He turns
the stones on the mountain
into bread?
[PAUSE]
And now we're back
to the beginning of Lent.
Man shall not live
by bread alone
but by every word
that proceeds
from the mouth of God.
We can be sure
that Our Lord
is not contradicting Himself.
He is concerned only
that these people are fed,
body and soul.
Somehow,
he is multiplying the bread,
not by magic or deceit
but by some act of creation
that we cannot be privy to
by the fact that
are created.
It's a mystery,
not lost to Time,
but above our concepts
of Time, Space, Matter and Reality.
It's not how Jesus does it,
it's why He does it that matters,
and that lies
entirely in His intention
not to gather followers
by impressing them
but to gather those who
hunger and thirst
for righteousness
and feed them until they are
fully satisfied
with Truth and not deceit.
All He asks of us
is to use the gift of faith
that He gives us
to receive salvation,
refreshment
and restoration.
Our salvation comes
out of the empty tomb,
not from behind our ear.
Monday, March 09, 2026
Sunday, March 08, 2026
Better the Devil you know?
Sermon preached at the Cathedral of St Augustine of Canterbury on the third Sunday in Lent
Do you know your devil?
We are often told,
"better the devil you know
than the devil you don't."
So do you know your devil?
[PAUSE]
We often have this image
that on our right shoulder
stands our guardian angel
who looks like
a small version of us
only prettier and cleaner
and without unsightly hairs,
dressed in white
with halo and wings
and a rather simpering smile
over its smug little face.
Whereas,
on our left shoulder
stands our devil,
who looks like
a small version of us
only uglier and red-skinned
with furry legs, horns,
more unsightly hairs,
and a mischievous twinkle
in its malevolent yellow eyes.
Is that what your angel
and devil look like?
If they do,
then be prepared for a shock.
Any devil
that tries to tempt you
will look more like
the image that you have
of your angel...
at first.
But let's dispel a few rumours.
[PAUSE]
You do not have
a devil and an angel
sitting on your shoulders.
Your guardian angel does not
sit on your right shoulder.
It is beetling up and down
between you
and the Throne of Heaven,
defending you,
praying for you,
correcting your prayers,
trying to steer you
and warn you,
but by directing your attention
to what is good,
or revealing the bad,
and not by whispering
in your ear...
normally.
More importantly,
you have a conscience,
which is really what
that idea of
the angel on your shoulder
represents.
That conscience
is directed towards God,
but because of our fallen nature
it needs to be informed
to be of use.
It can only direct you
in the paths of righteousness
as far as you are willing
to have taught it what is good.
You need to keep its user manual
up to date,
install the latest updates
and recognise bad habits
the more you grow in faith in God.
We inform our conscience
by learning what is
good, true, clean, holy, lovely
and ordered to a better
life with God.
But why would your devil
look more like your angel?
There's a good reason
why it definitely
does not look
like a hornèd imp.
Well, we still have
more rumours
to dispel.
[PAUSE]
You don't have a devil,
at least not in the sense
the Holy Scriptures mean.
You have a dark side of your mind
where all the negative ideas
you have about yourself lie.
This dark side has grown
from sins and bad habits,
and not always your sins
and bad habits.
From the Holy Scriptures,
however,
we understand that
it is possible
to be controlled by devils
- that is at the heart of what we call
demonic possession,
where the will is
completely enslaved
by the powers of darkness.
In these situations
those who are possessed
cannot do otherwise.
We see,
in the Bible
that devils can make us dumb
or make us super strong
and raving mad.
But that doesn't mean
that being dumb
or super strong
or having significant
mental illness
is necessarily caused
by a devil.
But if your conscience
can be informed by
good habits and good practices,
it can be damaged by bad habits
and bad practices.
And that's what the devils want.
So,
they pose as angels
to persuade you
into bad habits
by making them
look good
or, at least,
inconsequential.
If they looked like imps
you wouldn't take them
seriously.
The devils' job
is to make sin look attractive,
desireable,
irresistable.
That way,
even if you break a bad habit,
you have to watch out
because if you go back to it,
you get seven devils
trying to tempt you.
The worst of it is that,
when you give in to temptation
and you feel sorry,
the devils then make you feel
that you are unforgivable.
They don't drop
the façade
of looking like angels.
Instead,
they make you look
like the hornèd imp,
they give you the red skin
and yellow eyes
and convince you
that you are the devil,
hell-bound
and hated by God.
That is the lie.
You don't have a devil.
You are tempted by them.
But you don't possess a devil
and a devil doesn't possess you,
God forbid.
So if there isn't a devil
on your left shoulder
nor an angel on your right,
how do you deal with
all those conflicting ideas?
How do we separate
what seems good
but is bad
and what seems bad
but is actually good
from
what seems good
and is actually good?
[PAUSE]
Two things.
First, the goal of the Devil
is to separate you from God.
So, if you know Who God Is,
then you know
when someone is trying
to separate you.from Him
by tempting you
into despising what is holy
and loving what is unholy.
The more you strive
to be holy,
the more you try to know God,
the more you will recognise
the devil that's tempting you.
Second, the Devil will try
either to persuade you
that he is equal with God
or that he himself doesn't exist.
The Devil will try to dominate you.
And he's right,
he is stronger than you,
but he is not another god.
Indeed,
Jesus is the strong man
who breaks into the Devil's home
to carry out those
who are enslaved to him
- that's us.
Our Lord is the strong man
who carries us out
of the Devil's clutches
because we are God's priceless treasure.
And if the Devil
should try to persuade you
that he doesn't exist
and that all the evil in the world
comes from you,
then remind him
that he must exist
because Our Lord's foot
is crushing his head.
[PAUSE]
The more we get into good habits
the more will we recognise
when we are duped.
Our angel will guide us
if we ask it.
The Devil will flee from us
when we oppose him
with Christ at our head.
The Devil can
circle our head as much as he likes.
We just
don't let him sit
on our shoulder.
Monday, March 02, 2026
Sunday, March 01, 2026
The consequence of Us and Them
Sermon for the second Sunday in Lent
"She's not one of us!"
"Stay away!"
"She's got no part in our nation!"
This is what the Canaanite Woman hears.
Already even in the first century,
politics in the Middle East
is complicated
and emotive.
The people of Canaan
are worse than Samaritans.
Their practices are disgusting
and no faithful Israelite
has any dealings
with such low life.
And this woman is one of them.
Keep her away.
[PAUSE]
Yet,
still she calls out
to the One she believes
can free her daughter
of devils.
She knows how vile she is
in the eyes of the Jews.
The Master's disciples,
naturally urge that she be
sent away.
She is used to that.
She hears his voice,
"I am not sent,
but unto the lost sheep
of the house of Israel."
This is the response
everyone expects.
The disciples know
that Our Lord
is supremely faithful
to the Jewish law.
The Messiah
is prophesied
to fight for the salvation
of the people of Israel.
And He does!
He comes to Israel first
knowing that,
when they reject Him,
He is justified in
reaching out to the gentiles.
There is no surprise.
And despite the fact
that she knows is
this Canaanite Woman
this most unclean of the unclean
still sees in the Christ
something worth fighting for.
something to pursue.
She doesn't know
she is a bit premature.
But then,
does she have a choice?
He is special;
He is a wonderworker;
He speaks the truth;
He is loyal to His nation.
And so she fights
through the protests,
derision
and hatred,
and worships the God
she is not allowed to approach.
"Help me!"
The Christ stops
and bothers to speak to her,
"It is not meet
to take the children's bread,
and to cast it to the dogs."
The Jewish people smile smugly
for the Christ has put her
in her place.
He's not for the likes of her.
He's proud of His nation.
Not going to be sullied by
associating with her.
[PAUSE]
Dogs?
It's the word He uses
but it is not the word
she expects to hear.
She is expecting
a different Greek word for dog
that has always been used
to describe her Canaanite people
as being unclean and impure.
But the word He uses,
He calls her a puppy, a pet dog
one of those animals
for which there is affection
Immediately,
she sees them snuffling
round the family
at the table
being fed treats.
If this is what she is to Him
even these little dogs
get a scrap of kindness.
"Truth, Lord,
yet the dogs eat of the crumbs
which fall from the master's table."
And something shifts.
Not in the Christ,
for He knows what He does.
"O woman,"
He says.
Already this is significant
for "O Woman"
is how He addresses His mother
at the wedding in Cana.
"O Woman"
a term of respect
of acknowledgement
of seeing her
without the Nationalistic label
"O Woman,
great is thy faith!"
Her faith has crossed
the divide caused by
tribalism
Nationalism
political jingoism.
It's a woman
talking to a man
- a man Who just happens
to be God.
Her faith in Him
is greater
than the derision
of those who hate her.
"Be it unto thee
even as thou wilt."
And a way away,
a devil screeches
as the barrier of hatred is lifted
removing his protection
from being evicted.
The woman
who has struck at
the barrier
that separates her and God
has let the light of Christ
pour forth onto her daughter
freeing her from darkness.
Jesus knows her
and through this
knowing her faith
He shows up the pettiness
of those who cling to their
national identity
above the good of a human being.
As we know this
because this is recorded for us
in the Gospels,
not as an.example
of Jesus being rude or unkind
but of showing that His love
will not be constrained
by anything man made.
Yes, He comes to save
the Jewish people first
because of His promises
to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
He is faithful to them
but they reject Him.
And so,
as the prophets foretell,
He comes for the people
of Tyre, Sidon, Cairo, Athens
Antioch, Alexandria,
Rome, London and Faversham
with the same promise
of salvation.
[PAUSE]
The faith of this Canaanite woman
saves her daughter
but it also reaches out to us
and challenges us
to see our fellow man
in all whom we meet.
Monday, February 23, 2026
Sunday, February 22, 2026
Devil's Advocate
Sermon for the first Sunday of Lent
Let's play Devil's advocate.
How would you bring Christ down?
Yes of course,
as Christians,
we know Christ to be God.
We couldn't bring Him down
even if we tried
and we don't want to try.
Sadly,
others do.
So how might they do it?
Well they need to show
that Jesus is not God.
They need to show
that He is not all-powerful
that He is not all-knowing
and that He is not all-good.
If the Devil
can convince us
of just one of these things
then he has us.
And because Jesus is a man,
this should be easy.
If the Devil
can convince us
that Jesus is only a man
then it's job done.
So how do we start?
[PAUSE]
Showing that
He is not all-knowing
is tricky.
We might try
to show that
He is not all-good.
But let's show
that He is not all-powerful.
That's easiest
That means we need
to show that He is weak.
And He is weak too.
Look at Him
all hungry.
If He doesn't eat,
then He'll die.
If He's God,
then He can change
these stones into bread
and feed Himself.
"Man shall not live by bread alone,
but by every word that proceedeth
out of the mouth of God"
Now,
is that more
or less powerful
than changing stones to bread?
Ah!
But if He does change
stones to bread
he can be fed
and show us that He is God.
He refuses!
So He's not all-powerful.
But what if he's right?
What if it's not the bread
that makes us live,
but the words of the mouth of God?
If He speaks the truth,
then changing stones to bread
would be needless
and, in the circumstances,
show us that He bows
to temptation.
So not turning stones to bread,
that's actually more powerful
and we still have no evidence
to show that
He is not all-powerful.
But we have no evidence
that He is all-powerful.
[PAUSE]
If He says
that we live by every word
that comes out of His mouth
then let Him show it.
Let Him give proof
that He is all-powerful.
Send Him up
to the top of the pinnacle.
If He lives
by every word of God,
then, if He throws Himself down,
God's word will summon the angels,
because Holy Scripture says,
"He shall give his angels
charge concerning thee,
and in their hands
they shall bear thee up,
lest at any time thou dash thy foot
against a stone."
But if He does,
the He will not have seen
through the trick.
He will not know
that He is being.deceived
into proving His word.
If He throws Himself down
then He might prove
that He is kept by God's word
but He will also prove
that He can be manipulated.
It will show that
He is not all-knowing
and not all-powerful.
[PAUSE]
"Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God."
So, He's not stupid.
He's not being fooled
by the clever ploy.
Last chance for now.
Tempt Him
with everything
on the conditon
He stops worshipping God.
Every man has his price.
So offer Him
everything,
absolutely everything
to turn from God.
If He does,
He won't be all-good
because He doesn't worship God;
He won't be all-knowing
because He won't see through this trick,
He won't be all-powerful
for the riches of.the whole world
control Him.
And then we are done.
[PAUSE]
"Get thee hence, Satan;
for it is written,
Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God,
and him only shalt thou serve."
And that's the best we can do.
The Devil can't show that
Jesus is not all-powerful
nor that
Jesus is not all-knowing
nor that
Jesus is not all-good.
To be fair,
Jesus hasn't shown
that He is all-knowing,
all-powerful and all-good.
But He doesn't need to.
Watch.Him.
Watch what He does.
Watch Him.heal.
Watch Him forgive.
Watch Him teach.
Watch Him raise the dead.
And
Watch Him die.
Watch why He dies.
And watch Him rise in glory.
The Devil can
and will do his worst
and God shows us
why playing Devil's advocate
only leads us to see
the glory of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
To Him be honour
and glory unto the age of ages.
Monday, February 16, 2026
A literal Creation for Anglican Catholics?
Is it necessary for Anglican Catholics to believe the Science of Creation?
Sunday, February 15, 2026
Two blind, two see
Sermon for Quinquagesima preached at the Cathedral Church of St Augustine of Canterbury
How's your eyesight?
Some of us are lucky
and have perfect vision.
Some of us
can discern that
one of the altar candles
is adrift from upright
by one twenty-seventh
of a degree,
or an n dash from an m dash
at 100 paces.
Lots of people wear glasses these days.
Is that because
watching too many screens
is making our eyesight bad
or is it because
opticians are now very good
at picking up
subtle problems with
our eyesight?
We can now correct
all manner of problems
with spectacles
or contact lenses
or even low-level surgery.
What do you think
is the most difficult
problem with our sight
for us to correct?
[PAUSE]
Have you gone for
the most obvious answer?
Not having eyes at all?
Absolutely.
Trying to fit
an earthworm
with contact lenses
is raising futility to a high art.
Yet we know
that Our Lord heals the blind.
That includes those blinded
by diseases,
and it also includes those
born blind.
In fact,
if you look at that
instance where Our Lord
heals the man born blind
we can reasonably infer
that the man was born without eyes
or eyes so deformed
that they actually need
to be re-created
which our Lord does do
with the dust of the earth,
demonstrating clearly
that He is the Creator.
What is interesting today
in St Luke's record of the Gospel,
we hear of two blindnesses
but only one that is healed
- at least only one
that is healed straightaway.
[PAUSE]
St Luke tells us of the situation
in which Our Lord lets
His confused disciples know
that He is going to Jerusalem
for the last time.
On that last trip to Jerusalem
they encounter a blind man at Jericho
who is calling to the Son of David
to have mercy upon him.
He shouts out in his blindness,
recognising
that there is one near
who can restore his sight.
He sees wirhout seeing.
His faith saves him,
and by 'save' here,
we can understand the word 'heals'
for 'salvation' and 'health'
are two sides of the same coin.
So there's one blindness.
Did you spot the other blindness?
[PAUSE]
There, right at the beginning!
Our Lord tells his disciples
that He is going to Jerusalem
to be crucified.
They do not understand.
They do not see.
And they won't see,
not until the events of Good Friday
are played out
in front of them.
Only when
they see Him appear to them
in the flesh
do they understand Him
- they see what He is on about.
There is a sight of the eye
and the sight of the mind's eye.
The blind man sees
Christ in his mind's eye
but not with his fleshly eyes.
The disciples see
Christ with their fleshly eyes,
but not in their mind's eye.
The Lord heals both.
As Our Saviour
- our restorer to our full health
in God,
He reveals His love
in revealing to us
the God to Whom
we have been blind
since our Fall
in the Garden of Eden.
Yet we still hear
the Atheist say to us
"Show us your God!
Show Him and we will believe.
Seeing is believing!"
What do we do then?
How do we respond?
Especially when
we do not see Our Lord
among us.
[PAUSE]
We might point
to the Eucharist
where we see Our Lord
under the appearance
of bread and wine.
But, as St Thomas Aquinas points out
Our Lord is truly present,
Body, Soul, Humanity
and Divinity,
but that He is seen
with eyes of faith.
He is not seen
through microscopes,
telescopes,
oscilloscopes
or periscopes,
or even kalaidoscopes.
He is present with us
for us to see
with our eyes of faith,
- the same eyes
with which the Apostles
see Him
until their last earthly breath
and their first heavenly breath.
Those who do not believe
will not see Him
in the Most Holy Sacrament,
because they are blind.
For them to ask us
to show Him to them
is impossible
for their mind's eye is blind.
All we can do
is just bear witness to
what we see,
what the Apostles see,
what the Church sees
in the hope that the eyes of faith
may be opened
in the eyes of those
whose mind is blind.
And what do we see?
[PAUSE]
We see a man,
a healer,
a teacher,
a preacher,
a giver of faith, hope and love.
We see a man,
mocked,
spat on,
flogged,
and crucified
for the love of each one of us.
And we see a tomb,
an empty tomb,
and, with our eyes of faith
we see Him who
once occupied it.
That is what we see
and that is what we show the world
in the hope that
that which is now blind
may soon see.
Monday, February 09, 2026
An Anglican Catholic meets Hypatia
Why the conflict between St Cyril of Alexandria and Hypatia has far-reaching consequences.
Sunday, February 08, 2026
Sowing a tale of two Kingdoms?
Sermon for Sexagesima Sunday
What is the Kingdom of God like?
We know that
when Jesus utters these words,
He is telling us something
about the way
God rules His Kingdom.
As we hear
His parable of the sower,
are we being told
something
of the Kingdom of God?
[PAUSE]
It seems that the answer is, "no."
First, we see Jesus
addressing the crowd,
and He begins straightaway,
"A sower went out
to sow His seed..."
He does not begin
with "The Kingdom of God is like..."
Is the parable of the sower
about the Kingdom of God?
If not, then what is Jesus
telling us?
[PAUSE]
It's after talking to the crowds
that the disciples ask about
this parable,
and Jesus tells them
that this is about
the Kingdom of God.
He tells them
that it is for them
to know the mysteries
of the Kingdom of God,
but for the others
they may only know the parable.
Why is that?
Listen to the parable of the sower.
A sower sows seed.
Some goes by the wayside
and gets trodden on and eaten by birds.
Some goes on rock
and withers away through lack of soil.
Some goes into the thorn bush
where it is choked up.
Some goes into good soil
where it thrives.
What is this telling us about
the Kingdom of God?
What is this telling us about
the way that God rules
His kingdom?
[PAUSE]
Turn the focus
on the sower.
He sows seed.
He sows it everywhere.
Everywhere He can,
He casts seed
giving it every opportunity
to grow.
Jesus tells us
that this seed
is the Word of God.
It's Him.
Jesus is being sown
- sown everwhere.
Everyone has the opportunity
to receive the Word of God,
but many receive Him
on their terms
and not God's.
Some just let the Gospel
get trodden underfoot
and taken away by the Devil.
They hear the Word of God
and say, "who cares?"
Some receive the Gospel,
but don't pay it any real attention.
They say of Jesus, "oh He's nice!"
and then give Him not a further
sensible thought.
Some receive the Gospel
and try to turn it
into a thing of the word,
tangling it up
with politics, ideologies,
capital, finance,
social justice
and liberation.
They choke the meaning
of the Word of God.
They have their salvation,
and then they lose it.
All of these hear the Gospel
preached in a parable
because they have
only their agendas
and reject the Kingdom of God.
Something else rules them.
But notice
how they still hear
the Gospel preached
because the Heavenly Sower
still wants them
to hear the Word of God.
The seed is there for them
to receive,
and it is upto them
to let it grow.
[PAUSE]
We are given this opportunity
to receive the Kingdom of God.
If we are given a parable,
do we want to know what it means?
If we do,
if it niggles us,
if it confuses us,
if it makes us want
to come to Jesus and say,
"Please Lord, explain it to us!"
then it has done its job.
It has done its job
because it has given us
the opportunity to become
a member of the Kingdom of God,
by bringing us
to the King Himself.
If we accept His rule
and allow His love
to grow within our lives
then we will bear fruit
and enter into His courts
bringing our sheaves with us
rejoicing.
This is the seed
that is sown in us
and we are here
in church
to let it grow.
God's generosity
means we get to
hear His Word,
but does it matter enough
to us
to want to
understand it
- really understand it?
Monday, February 02, 2026
Sunday, February 01, 2026
Liking the Kingdom of Heaven
Sermon for Septuagesima
"The Kingdom of Heaven is like..."
Our Lord says these words
several times,
but He usually goes on
to compare the Kingdom of Heaven
to something that doesn't
seem to make sense.
The Kingdom.of Heaven
is like workers working in a vineyard.
But it's also like a grain of mustard seed.
It's like leaven in bread dough,
treasure in a field,
a merchant man seeking goodly pearls,
a net cast into the sea,
a householder with treasures old and new,
and a marriage for the King's son.
Eight times Our Lord
tells us what
the Kingdom of God
is like
and all only in
St Matthew's Gospel.
We hear Our Lord
describe a situation
in a parable
nut leaves us looking
for where the Kingdom of Heaven
actually is.
Look at this parable
of the vineyard,
we see the labourers
some come at the beginning
of the day
agree a fair price
and start work.
We see some labourers
coming in the middle of the day
even at the eleventh hour
and getting the same wages.
This is what
the Kingdom of God is like,
but it's a struggle to see
where it is.
[PAUSE]
We can see the King,
that's clearly the owner
of the vineyard.
But who are his subjects?
The labourers?
Does that mean
that the Kingdom.of Heaven
contains people
who are invited in
to do some work
for wages?
Does that mean
that the Kingdom of Heaven
contains people
who complain about
how much they are being paid?
That doesn't ring true
with the idea of
the Kingdom of Heaven
being a place of everlasting joy.
In this parable,
we see the king
but where are his subjects?
[PAUSE]
Perhaps we're looking
at the wrong thing.
We have an idea
of there being eternal joy
and bliss
in the Kingdom of Heaven,
but perhaps
in these eight parables,
these eight ways of saying
what the Kingdom of God is like
we aren't actually looking at it
like a place on a map.
We aren't looking about
who is the king
and where is his castle
and what the Lord Chamberlain
had for breakfast.
Perhaps these parables
are more about
how Our Lord
governs His Kingdom.
[PAUSE]
This makes sense
for this parable of the vineyard.
The focus is not
on the labourers
it's on the fact that
the Owner gives
the same fair wage
to those who came late.
It's about his fairness
(no one gets diddled)
and his generosity
(he can use his money how he likes).
This is what we can expect
the Kingdom of Heaven
to be like.
The generosity of God
is so great
that it is scandalous
to those
who have a worldly way
of thinking.
The invitation for us
to enter Kingdom is there
and our work for that Kingdom
will not go unrewarded.
It is interesting to note
that only those
who complain about their wage
get told to go their way.
In refusing to see generosity
and accepting that
this is the way things are,
they find themselves
out if the vineyard
with their wage
but none of the appreciation
of the Owner's willingness
to give good things.
[PAUSE]
God shows us
how He rules His kingdom.
He shows us the terms
that we can expect
and the price of entry,
but also how warm it is,
how full of love and joy.
We accept it
on His terms,
not ours.
He is King
after all,
and Who is like Him?
Monday, January 26, 2026
Sunday, January 25, 2026
Conversion Contradicted
Sermon for the feast of the Conversion of St Paul
There are those
who read the bible
looking for any excuse
to find contradictions.
The story of St Paul's conversion
is mentioned three times
in the book of Acts
but they are not all the same.
The conversion is related
by St Luke as part of the narrative
in chapter 9
and then twice more
in chapters 22 and 26
as St Paul tells the story to others.
People tend to focus on
the fact that these accounts differ.
There is some inconsistency
about whether everyone ses the light
or hears the voice,
or whether everyone falls down.
If you read these accounts
for yourselves,
you might come away
not really knowing
how those travelling with St Paul
bear witness to what happened.
But does something happen,
or is it all in St Paul's head
- a result of a seizure,
or a stroke,
or an hallucination?
[PAUSE]
First,
we can be sure that
something is happening.
Before Damascus,
Saul is breathing out
fire and threatenings
against Christians.
In Damascus,
Saul becomes Paul
and seeks to serve
the One whom he persecutes.
In many ways,
the evidence of St Paul's ministry
speaks for itself.
You know his letters.
They are reasoned,
passionate,
compassionate,
intelligent,
spiritual
and full of the praise of God.
That's evidence enough
that something is happening
on the Road to Damascus.
Second,
those around St Paul,
are affected.
St Paul himself may not be
fully aware of what others are seeing
but then, he is rather more concerned
with the Voice calling him out
for persecuting the King of Heaven.
In the confusion,
some of the others may see the light
some may hear the voice,
some may understand the voice,
some may have fallen down.
It depends who you ask!
And in the confusion
not all may experience
exactly the same thing.
What matters
is that the event is about
one man's conversion,
one man's redemptiom
and one man's shame being turned
to his praise.
This is his experience
and that experience
can be supported
by those who were there
and by those who owe
their coming to faith
by the persecutor
turned apostle.
[PAUSE]
And the conversion
still has an affect on us,
twenty centuries later.
We have to reconcile
the persecutor with the apostle.
We have to reconcile the man
rejoicing in the death
of St Stephen
with the man rejoicing
in the strength of the Church
as the executioner
ends his life.
They are the same man.
And it shows why
we must love those
who persecute us.
We can't hate Saul,
because then we hate Paul.
How can we hate Paul
even when he is Saul?
To see him
before his conversion
is to see ourselves
before ours.
We have to start
somewhere.
The Christians that Saul kills
are those Christians
who welcome him into heaven
with cries of joy
and warmth and love.
That's how we need to be:
loving our enemies,
accepting persecution with joy!
This attitude makes us
contradictions in this world
but perfect sense in heaven.
This attitude
helps Sauls become Pauls
and allows Heaven to ring with joy
over each repentant sinner.
And if Sauls become Pauls
then the Christian faith
is enriched upon the earth
allowing
for more conversions
from contradictions.
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